Examine the role of volunteer care workers such as ASHA and Anganwadi workers in India’s health and welfare system. Discuss the gendered nature of care work and suggest measures to ensure better recognition, protection, and employment conditions for them.

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Introduction

Volunteer care workers such as ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) and Anganwadi workers form the backbone of India’s grassroots health and welfare delivery system.
They play a critical role in implementing programmes related to maternal and child health, nutrition, immunisation, and community awareness, yet their work is often undervalued and inadequately compensated.

Role of Volunteer Care Workers in the Health and Welfare System

Frontline health service delivery by facilitating immunisation, maternal health services, and disease surveillance at the community level.
Implementation of welfare schemes such as the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) and National Health Mission.
Community mobilisation and awareness generation on issues such as nutrition, sanitation, and family planning.
Bridging the gap between communities and public institutions, especially in rural and underserved areas.
Support during public health emergencies, as seen during the COVID-19 pandemic through surveillance, vaccination drives, and awareness campaigns.

Gendered Nature of Care Work

Care work is traditionally associated with women, leading to its classification as voluntary or informal labour.
Low wages and honorarium-based payments reflect the societal undervaluation of women’s work.
Lack of job security and social protection, despite performing essential public services.
Heavy workload and role expansion without corresponding increase in compensation.
Limited recognition in formal labour frameworks, reinforcing gender inequality in employment.

Measures for Better Recognition and Protection

Formal recognition of care workers as government employees or skilled workers within the public service system.
Fair and regular remuneration linked to minimum wage standards.
Provision of social security benefits such as health insurance, pensions, and maternity benefits.
Capacity building and skill development programmes to enhance professional recognition.
Improved working conditions and grievance redressal mechanisms to protect worker rights.

Conclusion

ASHA and Anganwadi workers are indispensable to India’s health and welfare architecture.
Recognising their contributions and improving their employment conditions is essential for strengthening public health systems and addressing gender inequities in care work.

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