Critically evaluate the implications of lowering the age of juvenility to 14 in the context of the juvenile justice system in India. How does it affect rehabilitation and human rights?

Question

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1. Context and Background

Proposal to lower age of juvenility from 18 to 14 for certain heinous crimes
Intended to deter rising violent crimes involving adolescents

2. Implications for Rehabilitation

14–18-year-olds may be tried in adult courts
Exposure to punitive detention can hinder social reintegration
Undermines juvenile system’s focus on education, counseling, and correction

3. Human Rights Concerns

Potential conflict with UN Convention on the Rights of the Child
Best interest and reintegration principles may be compromised
Marginalized children may be disproportionately affected

4. Balancing Public Safety and Developmental Justice

Strengthen specialized juvenile courts and diversion programs
Employ risk assessment tools and graduated sentencing
Ensure accountability while preserving rehabilitative focus

5. Way Forward

Adopt restorative justice and community-based rehabilitation
Integrate mental health interventions for adolescents
Maintain protective intent of juvenile justice system alongside societal safety

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