Analyse the role of central and state institutions, including NVBDCP, WHO, and NCDC, in malaria elimination. Critically examine the challenges and policy measures required to coordinate efforts and achieve zero malaria districts.

Question

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Introduction

Malaria elimination in India requires coordinated efforts between central, state, and international institutions.
Focused interventions target surveillance, vector control, and community engagement.

Key Institutions and Roles

NVBDCP: Technical guidance, epidemiological monitoring, indoor residual spraying, insecticide-treated nets, rapid diagnostic testing.
NCDC: Outbreak investigation, laboratory diagnostics, capacity building, training of health personnel.
WHO: Technical assistance, monitoring frameworks, alignment with Global Technical Strategy for Malaria 2016–2030.
State Governments: Operationalising policies, district-level implementation, community mobilization, micro-planning, and monitoring.

Initiatives

Zero Malaria Districts Programme: Integrates NVBDCP guidelines with local administration and community health workers.
Use of digital tools and surveillance systems for real-time case reporting.

Challenges

Insecticide resistance and heterogeneous transmission.
Under-reporting and limited health infrastructure in remote areas.
Coordination gaps between central, state, and international agencies.

Policy Measures / Way Forward

Strengthen data sharing and digital surveillance.
Capacity building for health workers and decentralized micro-planning.
Encourage public-private partnerships.
Integrate malaria control with broader health services for sustainability.

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