Evaluate India's strategy for implementing CCUS technologies in achieving its Net Zero goal by 2070. What challenges could impede its scalability in high-emission industries?

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India’s Strategy for CCUS Implementation

Policy & Institutional Support: India’s Net Zero 2070 commitment underpins initiatives like the National Hydrogen Mission and pilot CCUS projects in steel and cement sectors. Agencies such as the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) and Coal India Limited are exploring partnerships for carbon capture and storage (CCS) demonstrations.
Technology Adoption: India is evaluating post-combustion, pre-combustion, and oxy-fuel combustion technologies suitable for coal-based power plants and industrial processes. Public-private collaborations with international firms aim to leverage global expertise.
Integration with Industrial Decarbonisation: CCUS is being considered alongside energy efficiency, biomass co-firing, and green hydrogen adoption to reduce emissions in high-carbon industries.

Challenges to Scalability

High Costs: CCUS projects involve substantial CAPEX and OPEX, making large-scale deployment in sectors like cement, steel, and refineries economically challenging.
Infrastructure Gaps: Limited CO₂ transport pipelines and secure storage sites constrain expansion.
Technological Readiness: Many advanced CCUS technologies require adaptation to Indian industrial conditions and local geology.
Regulatory & Financial Incentives: Absence of clear carbon pricing or tax incentives limits private sector participation.

Way Forward

Strengthening R&D, public-private partnerships, financial mechanisms, and regulatory clarity can accelerate CCUS adoption and support India’s decarbonisation trajectory.

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