Assess how geopolitical conflicts like the West Asia war can affect energy security in India. What measures can India adopt to mitigate such external risks?

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INTRODUCTION

Geopolitical conflicts such as the West Asia war significantly impact global energy markets, posing serious challenges to India’s energy security, given its high import dependence.

IMPACT ON INDIA’S ENERGY SECURITY

Supply Disruptions: Conflict in major oil-producing regions threatens availability of crude oil and LNG.
Price Volatility: Sharp rise in global oil prices increases import bills and inflation.
Shipping & Logistics Risks: Disruptions in key routes (e.g., Strait of Hormuz) affect timely supply.
Exchange Rate Pressure: Higher import costs widen current account deficit, weakening the rupee.
Energy Inflation Spillover: Impacts transport, industry, and household energy costs.

STRATEGIC AND ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES

Fiscal Stress: Increased subsidy burden on fuels and fertilizers.
Growth Slowdown: Higher input costs reduce industrial competitiveness.
Energy Access Concerns: Rising prices affect affordability for vulnerable sections.

MEASURES TO MITIGATE EXTERNAL RISKS

Diversification of Energy Sources: Expand imports from multiple regions (US, Russia, Africa).
Strategic Petroleum Reserves (SPR): Enhance storage capacity to cushion short-term shocks.
Renewable Energy Push: Scale up solar, wind, and green hydrogen to reduce fossil dependence.
Domestic Exploration & Production: Encourage private participation in oil and gas exploration.
Long-term Supply Contracts: Secure stable pricing and supply agreements.
Energy Efficiency Measures: Promote conservation and reduce demand intensity.
Diplomatic Engagement: Strengthen ties with key energy-producing nations.
Alternative Fuels: Ethanol blending, biofuels, and electric mobility.

CONCLUSION

India must adopt a multi-pronged strategy combining diversification, self-reliance, and clean energy transition to ensure resilient energy security amid geopolitical uncertainties.

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