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Energy security is central to India's development trajectory. In light of India's shift from LPG to Piped Natural Gas (PNG), examine the challenges in achieving universal clean cooking energy access.

Examine the role of government schemes such as FAME and PLI in accelerating India's electric vehicle adoption. What structural barriers continue to limit their impact?

India's rapid expansion of renewable energy capacity has exposed critical gaps in transmission infrastructure, leading to large-scale curtailment of solar power. Examine the causes and suggest measures to ensure effective generation-transmission synchronisation.

The transition to electric mobility is no longer merely an environmental imperative but a strategic and economic necessity for India. Discuss with reference to India's oil import dependence and the lessons from China's EV transition.

Regional connectivity is essential for inclusive development and balanced regional growth. In the context of India's UDAN scheme and Modified UDAN, examine the role of government intervention in making air travel accessible to remote and underserved regions, and the challenges in making such connectivity economically sustainable.

The Comptroller and Auditor General of India plays a crucial role in ensuring financial accountability and transparency in public expenditure. In the context of persistent unauthorised expenditure in Indian Railways, examine the constitutional provisions governing the CAG and the role of the Public Accounts Committee in enforcing legislative financial control.

India's transition to electric public transport through private participation models raises critical questions about employment security, service equity, and the role of the state in essential services. Examine the challenges of green transition in the public transport sector and suggest a framework that balances environmental goals with social protection obligations.

India's updated Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) for 2035 reveal an ambition-execution gap in its energy transition. Critically examine India's climate commitments under the Paris Agreement and the structural challenges that limit their realisation.

Institutional gaps in highway safety enforcement remain a critical challenge in reducing road fatalities in India. Examine the structural weaknesses in the current framework and evaluate the measures needed to establish an effective highway safety governance system.

Road accidents remain one of India's most preventable public health crises, yet fatalities continue to rise. Examine the structural and governance failures underlying India's road safety crisis and suggest a comprehensive policy framework to address them.

India's transition to renewable energy has strengthened its energy security, but the structural challenge of managing dual demand peaks exposes critical infrastructure and governance gaps. Examine.

Regional air connectivity is a force multiplier for equitable economic development, yet India's UDAN scheme has seen nearly 50% of launched routes discontinued within its first decade. Critically examine the structural reasons for UDAN's underperformance and assess whether the 2026 revisions address the root causes.

Energy dependence is no longer merely an economic concern but a direct threat to national sovereignty. In light of the Strait of Hormuz crisis, critically examine India's fossil fuel vulnerabilities and the strategic imperatives of accelerating its energy transition.

Developing nations cannot be held to the same energy transition timelines as industrialised countries that built their prosperity on fossil fuels. Examine the principle of Common But Differentiated Responsibilities in the context of India's energy transition dilemma.

India's commercial truck fleet is entering a structural replacement cycle, with over 42% of registered trucks past their 12-year operational life. Examine the economic and environmental implications of this development, and suggest measures to ensure that fleet renewal accelerates India's transition to cleaner freight transportation.

Despite a decade of relatively low global oil prices, India's dependence on crude oil imports has deepened rather than declined. Examine the structural reasons for this paradox and suggest a comprehensive policy framework to strengthen India's energy security.

Assess how geopolitical conflicts like the West Asia war can affect energy security in India. What measures can India adopt to mitigate such external risks?

Analyze the role of renewable energy in India's journey towards energy security. What are the challenges and opportunities in transitioning from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources?

Evaluate the significance of strategic petroleum reserves in ensuring national energy security. What should be the future roadmap for India in this context?

Assess the implications of historical energy proposals like the national gas grid on current energy strategies in India amid global crises. How can past insights inform future policies?

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